Elpriser 2022 vs 2023
This article highlights the development of electricity prices both for household and non-household consumers within the European Union EU. The price of energy in the EU depends on a range of different supply and demand conditions, including the geopolitical situation, the national energy mix, import diversification, network costs, environmental protection costs, severe weather conditions, or levels of excise and taxation.
Glossary:Country codes
Note that the prices presented in this article include taxes, levies and VAT for household consumers, but exclude refundable taxes and levies for non-household consumers. Figure 2 depicts the development of electricity prices for household consumers, in the EU, since the first half of The price without taxes, i. Electricity price including taxes for household consumers consistently increased afterexcept for a drop in the second half of This was 1.
The percentage of taxes in the total price increased by almost 10 percentage points pp from After this point, it substantially elpriser 2022 vs 2023 until the second half of Moderate and stable tax increases were recorded in both semesters of and in the first semester of These figures reflect the impact of the governmental measures to mitigate EU household electricity costs in and the gradual reduction of those measures in and the first half of This reduction of consumer relief measures, reflected in Figure 2 as gradual increase of taxes, is the reason for the contrasting trends observed in the first half of During this period, the price excluding taxes declined, while the price including taxes raised.
Natural gas price statistics
Figure 3 shows the proportion of taxes and levies in the overall electricity retail price for household consumers. Negative taxes, reflecting the subsidies and allowances, were also observed in Ireland, Austria, the Netherlands and Latvia. The relative share of taxes was highest in Poland, making up The average share of total taxes and levies at EU level in the first half of was It ranged from 4.
Figure 4 shows the percentage change in electricity prices for household consumers including all taxes and VAT between the first half of and the first half of For comparison purposes the national currencies were used. For energy prices, comparing year on year instead of semester on elpriser 2022 vs 2023 is most meaningful to avoid seasonal effects.
However, these seasonal effects are less prominent in the recent semesters. Year on year, the total prices increased in 10 of the EU countries, while they decreased in 15 EU countries and remained almost unchanged in 2 EU countries.
Elprisens udvikling
The largest increase was observed in Ireland Energy and supply costs, as well as the reduction of subsidies and allowances drove the increase. The Netherlands In Map 1, electricity prices for household consumers in the first half of are shown in purchasing power standard PPSgrouping the available countries in 6 categories, with electricity price categories ranging from above 37 PPS per KWh to below Electricity prices based on PPS were highest in Czechia The lowest electricity prices based on the purchasing power standard were observed in Malta 14 and Luxembourg Figure 5 presents the share of transmission and distribution costs for household electricity consumers.
Transmission and distribution costs are only reported once a year, at the end of the second semester. Distribution costs account for the largest share by far, when compared with the transmission costs. This is normal for all types of networks including elpriser 2022 vs 2023 electricity system. Transmission network is used for transmitting bulk amounts of energy over long distances.
The distribution network is usually the part of the system where the consumers are connected. The distribution network is denser than the transmission network, therefore, its share in the costs is expected to be higher. Countries with lower population density require a more extensive transmission network to meet their needs.
Elpris udvikling
Its costs are higher when compared with the countries with higher population density. Smaller, densely populated countries use mostly their own distribution network.
The latest available data for transmission and distribution costs arein which, Luxembourg On the other hand, Hungary Non-household consumers are defined for the purpose of this article as medium-sized consumers with an annual consumption between MWh Mega Watt hours and 2 MWh. The aggregates are weighted averages taking into consideration the average consumption in each band.