Partier brittiska parlamentet
Parliament possesses legislative supremacy and thereby holds ultimate power over all other political bodies in the United Kingdom and the Overseas Territories. While Parliament is bicameralit has three parts: the sovereignthe House of Lordsand the House of Commons. The House of Commons is the elected lower chamber of Parliament, with elections to single-member constituencies held at least every five years under the first-past-the-post system.
Most Cabinet ministers are from the Commons, while junior ministers can be from either house. The House of Lords is the upper chamber of Parliament, [ 10 ] comprising two types of members.
Storbritannien – Politiskt system
The most numerous are the Lords Temporalconsisting mainly of life peers appointed by the sovereign on the advice of the prime minister, [ 11 ] plus up to 92 hereditary peers. The less numerous Lords Spiritual consist of up to 26 bishops of the Church of England. Before the establishment of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom inthe House of Lords performed judicial functions through the law lords.
The Parliament of the United Kingdom is one of the oldest legislatures in the world, and is characterised by the stability of its governing institutions and its capacity to absorb change. The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in following the ratification of the Treaty of Union by Acts of Union passed by the Parliament of England established and the Parliament of Scotland c.
The principle of ministerial responsibility to the lower house Commons did not develop until the 19th century—the House of Lords was superior to the House partier brittiska parlamentet Commons both in theory and in practice. Members of the House of Commons MPs were elected in an antiquated electoral systemunder which constituencies of vastly different sizes existed.
Thus, the borough of Old Sarumwith seven voters, could elect two members, as could the borough of Dunwichwhich had almost completely disappeared into the sea due to land erosion. Many small constituencies, known as pocket or rotten boroughswere controlled by members of the House of Lords peerswho could ensure the election of their relatives or supporters.
During partier brittiska parlamentet reforms of the 19th century, beginning with the Reform Actthe electoral system for the House of Commons was progressively regularised. No longer dependent on the Lords for their seats, MPs grew more assertive.
Storbritannien – Inrikespolitik och författning
The supremacy of the British House of Commons was reaffirmed in the early 20th century. Inthe Commons passed the " People's Budget ", which made numerous changes to the taxation system which were detrimental to wealthy landowners. The House of Lords, which consisted mostly of powerful landowners, rejected the Budget. On the basis of partier brittiska parlamentet Budget's popularity and the Lords' consequent unpopularity, the Liberal Party narrowly won two general elections in Using the result as a mandate, the Liberal Prime Minister, H.
Asquithintroduced the Parliament Bill, which sought to restrict the powers of the House of Lords. He did not reintroduce the land tax provision of the People's Budget. When the Lords refused to pass the bill, Asquith countered with a promise extracted from the King in secret before the second general election of and requested the creation of several hundred Liberal peers, so as to erase the Conservative majority in the House of Lords.
In the face of such a threat, the House of Lords narrowly passed the bill.
Parlamentsvalet i Storbritannien 2019 – Wikipedia
The Parliament Actas it became, prevented the "Partier brittiska parlamentet" from blocking a money bill a bill dealing with taxationand allowed them to delay any other bill for a maximum of three sessions reduced to two sessions inafter which it could become law over their objections. However, regardless of the Parliament Acts of andthe House of Lords has always retained the unrestricted power to veto any bill outright which attempts to extend the life of a parliament.
The result of the general election in Ireland showed a landslide victory for the Irish republican party Sinn Féinwho vowed in their manifesto to establish an independent Irish Republic. Accordingly, Sinn Féin MPs, though ostensibly elected to sit in the House of Commons, refused to take their seats in Westminster, and instead assembled in to proclaim Irish independence and form a revolutionary unicameral parliament for the independent Irish Republic, called Dáil Éireann.
Inin parallel to the Dáil, the Government of Ireland Act created home rule parliaments of Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland and reduced the representation of both parts at Westminster. The number of Northern Ireland seats was increased again after the introduction of direct rule in The Irish republicans responded by declaring the elections to these home rule Parliaments, held on the same day into be the basis of membership for a new Dáil Éireann.
While the elections in Northern Ireland were both contested and won by Unionist parties, partier brittiska parlamentet Southern Ireland, all candidates for the Southern Irish seats were returned unopposed. Inpursuant to the Anglo-Irish Treatythe revolutionary Irish Republic was replaced by the Irish Free Staterecognised by the United Kingdom as a separate state and thus, no longer represented in the Westminster Parliamentwhile Northern Ireland would remain British, and inparliament was renamed the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Further reforms to the House of Lords were made in the 20th century.
Val i Storbritannien 2024 – partierna, skandalerna och därför
The Life Peerages Act authorised the regular creation of life peerage dignities. By the s, the regular creation of hereditary peerage dignities had ceased; thereafter, almost all new peers were life peers only. The House of Lords Act removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, although it made an exception for 92 of them to be elected to life-terms by the other hereditary peers, with by-elections upon their death.
The House of Lords is now a chamber that is subordinate to the House of Commons. Additionally, the Constitutional Reform Act led to abolition of the judicial functions of the House of Lords with partier brittiska parlamentet creation of the new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in October Under the UK's constitutionParliament is the supreme legislative body of the state.
Whilst the privy council can also issue legislation through orders-in-councilthis power may be limited by Parliament like all other exercises of the royal prerogative. The legislative authority, the King-in-Parliamenthas three separate elements: the Monarch, the House of Lordsand the House of Commons.